PHASE I · COURSE 02 · AVAILABLE NOW
How We KnowWhat We Know
Learn how historians, archaeologists, linguists, and researchers move from damaged objects and incomplete records to defensible conclusions—and how to recognize when a claim exceeds the evidence.
YOUR COURSE PROGRESS
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Phase I · Reading the Ancient Record
Course 1 introduces the ancient record. Course 2 makes the method for evaluating that record explicit.
THE READING PATH
Six lessons in evidence and method
Every lesson is available in order, and each remains open for review regardless of completion.
What Counts as Evidence?
Continue hereObjects, texts, contexts, testimony, and the hierarchy of historical claims
Dating the Ancient World
Lesson availableChronology, scientific methods, textual clues, and responsible ranges
Reconstructing Lost and Fragmentary Texts
Lesson availableFragments, duplicate witnesses, restorations, and the limits of reconstruction
Translation, Scribal Transmission, and Bias
Lesson availableHow language, copying, editorial judgment, and perspective shape what readers receive
Archaeology, Provenance, and Authenticity
Lesson availableContext, custody, forgery risk, and the evidentiary value of an object
From Evidence to Conclusion
Lesson availableBuilding defensible arguments and recognizing when claims outrun the record