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SOURCE 05 · BABYLONIAN

The Babylonian Epic of Creation

A historical presentation of Enūma Eliš

SOURCE INTEGRITY STATUSHistorical public-domain candidate

Useful historical edition that requires comparison with modern Enūma Eliš translations.

PROVENANCE

Stephen Langdon edition published in 1923.

TRANSLATION STATUS

Historical scholarly translation with terminology and reconstruction that may now be outdated.

RIGHTS STATUS

Strong public-domain candidate, subject to exact edition verification.

LAST REVIEWED

July 2026

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